Outcomes of combined aortic and mitral valve replacement with reconstruction of the fibrous skeleton of the heart

Abstract

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to examine operative and long-term results of combined aortic and mitral valve replacement when reconstruction of the fibrous skeleton of the heart is needed because of calcification, abscess, previous operations, or patient-prosthesis mismatch.

Methods: From 1985 to 2020, 182 consecutive patients underwent combined aortic and mitral valve replacement with reconstruction of the intervalvular fibrous skeleton in all cases and also the posterior mitral annulus in 63 patients. Bovine pericardium or Dacron grafts were used for the reconstructions. Median follow-up was 7.5 (interquartile range, 2.1-12.6) years and 98% complete.

Results: Patient mean age was 62 years; 69% had 1 or more previous valve operations, and 92% were functional class III or IV. The indications for reconstruction were extensive calcification of the fibrous skeleton in 34%, abscess in 13%, tissue damage secondary to previous operations in 39%, and patient-prosthesis mismatch of the mitral valve in 13%. Bovine pericardium was used in two-thirds of cases and Dacron grafts in one-third. Operative mortality was 13.2% and postoperative complications were common. Survival at 1, 10, and 20 years was 81.8%, 51.1%, and 23.7%, respectively. Fourteen patients required reoperation and 3 transcatheter interventions. The cumulative probability of reinterventions at 1, 10, and 20 years were 3.3%, 5.8%, and 9.1%, respectively. Most patients experienced symptomatic improvement postoperatively.

Conclusions: Reconstructions of the fibrous skeleton of the heart are associated with high operative mortality but the long-term results are satisfactory because most patients would not have survived without surgical intervention.

Keywords: aortic and mitral valve replacement; mitral annulus calcification; reconstruction of the intervalvular fibrous body; reconstruction of the mitral annulus.