Developing a coreactant-free ratiometric electrochemiluminescence (ECL) strategy based on a single luminophore to achieve more accurate and sensitive microRNA (miRNA) detection is highly desired. Herein, utilizing zinc-metal organic frameworks (Zn-MOFs) as the single luminophore, a novel dual-potential ratiometric ECL biosensor was constructed for ultrasensitive detection of miRNA-133a. The as-prepared Zn-MOFs exhibited simultaneous cathode and anode ECL emission. Furthermore, the Zn-MOFs were confirmed to be a multichannel ECL sensing platform with excellent annihilation and coreactant ECL emission. The corresponding ECL behaviors were investigated in detail. Benefiting from the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) amplification technology, N,N-diethylethylenediamine (DEAEA) was modified on hairpin DNA, and the gained products loaded with quantities of DEAEA enhanced the anodic ECL intensity of Zn-MOFs. In the presence of miRNA-133a, the ECL intensity ratio of anode to cathode (Ia/Ic) was significantly increased, which realized the ultrasensitive ratiometric detection of miRNA-133a. In addition, without an exogenous coreactant, the biosensor revealed superb accuracy and stability. Under optimal conditions, the detection linearity of miRNA-133a was from 50 aM to 50 fM with a low detection limit of 35.8 aM (S/N = 3). This is the first work to use Zn-MOFs as a single emitter for reliable ratiometric ECL bioanalysis, which provides a new perspective for fabricating a ratiometric ECL biosensor platform.