Objective: To summarize the genotypes and clinical features of neonatal-onset genetic epilepsy. Methods: Patients (114 cases) with identified gene variants were collected from May 2013 to May 2019 in Peking University First Hospital, retrospectively. The genotype, clinical, electroencephalographic and neuroimaging characteristics were analyzed. Results: A total of 141 neonatal-onset epilepsy patients with identified gene variants were enrolled, including 76 males and 65 females and involving 33 epilepsy genes. Top five genes were KCNQ2 (56 cases), SCN2A (25 cases), STXBP1 (9 cases), CDKL5 (8 cases) and KCNT1 (6 cases), accounting for 73.8% (104/141). The age of seizure onset was 3(1-28) days of age, 71.6% (101/141) were within 1 week of age. The age of genetic diagnosis was 4 months (1 month to 13 years) of age. A total of 130 patients presented focal seizures; 47 patients presented epileptic spasms. Other seizure types included generalized tonic-clonic seizures, clonic seizures, myoclonic seizures, tonic seizures and absence seizures. Fifty-eight patients experienced multiple seizure types. The results of video-electroencephlogram (VEEG) were abnormal in 127 patients and in 62 patients clinical seizures were captured. Global developmental delay was presented in 122 patients. Epilepsy syndromes were diagnosed in 59 patients. Thirteen patients were diagnosed as Ohtahara syndrome (OS), 9 as epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS), 17 as West syndrome (WS), 4 as OS developed to WS, 9 as benign neonatal epilepsy (BNE), 2 as benign familiar neonatal-infantile epilepsy (BFNIE), 2 as benign infantile epilepsy (BIE) and 3 as benign familial infantile epilepsy (BFIE). Sixty-seven patients were diagnosed as unclassified early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE), 13 patients could not be diagnosed as any epilepsy syndrome, and 2 patients were diagnosed as pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy. Forty-six patients had abnormal neuroimaging including cortical atrophy, corpus callosum dysplasia and cerebellar atrophy, involving 19 genes. Conclusions: Neonatal-onset epilepsy is related to many different genes. Seizure onset age of most patients is within one week after birth. Focal seizures and epileptic spasms are more common. Some patients show abnormal neuroimaging.
目的： 总结新生儿期起病的遗传性癫痫致病基因谱和表型特点。 方法： 回顾性收集2013年5月至2019年5月在北京大学第一医院儿科就诊的141例新生儿期起病遗传性癫痫患儿病例资料，总结其致病基因、临床表现、脑电图及影像学特点。 结果： 共收集新生儿期起病且致病基因明确的癫痫患儿141例，其中男76例、女65例，涉及33个癫痫致病基因，位列前5位的致病基因包括KCNQ2基因（56例）、SCN2A基因（25例）、STXBP1基因（9例）、CDKL5基因（8例）和KCNT1基因（6例），共占73.8%（104/141）。癫痫起病年龄为3（1至28）日龄，其中71.6%（101/141）在1周龄内发病。基因诊断明确的年龄为4月龄（1月龄至13岁）。发作类型包括局灶性发作130例，痉挛发作47例，其他少见的发作类型包括全面强直阵挛发作、阵挛发作、肌阵挛发作、强直发作和失神发作。58例在病程中有多种发作类型。脑电图127例在发作间期监测到异常放电，62例监测到临床发作。122例有智力、运动发育落后。59例可以明确癫痫综合征诊断，包括大田原综合征13例，婴儿癫痫伴游走性局灶性发作9例，婴儿痉挛症17例，大田原综合征演变为婴儿痉挛症4例，良性新生儿癫痫9例，良性家族性新生儿-婴儿癫痫2例，良性婴儿癫痫2例和良性家族性婴儿癫痫3例。不能分类的早发婴儿癫痫性脑病共67例，不能明确癫痫综合征共13例，吡哆醇依赖症2例。46例有头颅影像学异常，包括大脑皮层萎缩、胼胝体发育不良和小脑萎缩，共涉及19个致病基因。 结论： 新生儿期起病的癫痫与多种基因变异相关，多数患儿在生后1周以内发病，发作类型以局灶性发作和痉挛发作常见，部分患儿可有头颅影像学异常。.