Biological and Molecular Characterization of a Jumbo Bacteriophage Infecting Plant Pathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex Strains

Abdelmonim Ali Ahmad; Hardian Susilo Addy; Qi Huang

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.741600

Biological and Molecular Characterization of a Jumbo Bacteriophage Infecting Plant Pathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex Strains

Front Microbiol. 2021 Sep 27:12:741600. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.741600. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Abdelmonim Ali Ahmad^{1

2}, Hardian Susilo Addy^{1

3}, Qi Huang¹

Affiliations

¹ Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, United States National Arboretum, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States.
² Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
³ Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia.

Abstract

A jumbo phage infecting Ralstonia solanacearum species complex strains, designated RsoM2USA, was isolated from soil of a tomato field in Florida, United States, and belongs to the family Myoviridae. The phage has a long latent period of 270 min and completed its infection cycle in 360 min with a burst size of approximately 32 particles per cell. With a genome size of 343,806 bp, phage RsoM2USA is the largest Ralstonia-infecting phage sequenced and reported to date. Out of the 486 ORFs annotated for RsoM2USA, only 80 could be assigned putative functions in replication, transcription, translation including 44 tRNAs, and structure with the main structural proteins experimentally confirmed. Phylogenetic analyses placed RsoM2USA in the same clade as Xanthomonas phage XacN1, prompting a proposal of a new genus for the two jumbo phages. Jumbo phage RsoM2USA is a lytic phage and has a wide host range, infecting each of the three newly established Ralstonia species: R. solanacearum, R. pseudosolanacearum, and R. syzygii, and significantly reduced the virulence of its susceptible R. solanacearum strain RUN302 in tomato plants, suggesting that this jumbo phage has the potential to be developed into an effective control against diseases caused by R. solanacearum species complex strains.

Keywords: Myoviridae; Ralstonia phage; Ralstonia solanacearum species complex; USA; characterization; isolation; jumbo phage.