Anti-osteoclastogenic Effects of Indole Alkaloids Isolated from Barley (Hordeum vulgare Var. Hexastichon) Grass

J Agric Food Chem. 2021 Nov 10;69(44):12994-13005. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04337. Epub 2021 Oct 25.

Abstract

As part of our continuous program to identify new potential candidates for controlling osteolytic bone diseases from natural products, the alkaloid fraction of barley (Hordeum vulgare var. hexastichon) grass (HVA) significantly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and protected mice from LPS-induced bone loss. A phytochemical investigation of HVA afforded nine indole alkaloids, including one new compound [hordeumin A (1)] and eight known analogues (2-9). Of them, four (1, 2, 4, and 5) were anti-osteoclastogenic compounds. Of these four, compound 5 significantly suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclast formation, actin ring formation, and bone resorption in a concentration-dependent manner. It also suppressed the RANKL-induced NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways and the activation of c-Fos and NFATc1. Compound 5 also reduced the expression levels of osteoclast-specific marker genes, including TRAP, CtsK, DC-STAMP, OSCAR, and MMP9. Our findings suggest that HVA and its alkaloid constituents could be valuable candidates for the prevention and treatment of osteolytic bone diseases.

Keywords: Hordeum vulgare var. hexastichon; NFATc1; RANKL; barley grass; indole alkaloids; osteoclastogenesis.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Bone Resorption* / drug therapy
  • Cell Differentiation
  • Hordeum*
  • Indole Alkaloids
  • Mice
  • NF-kappa B
  • NFATC Transcription Factors
  • Osteoclasts
  • Osteogenesis
  • Poaceae
  • RANK Ligand / genetics

Substances

  • Indole Alkaloids
  • NF-kappa B
  • NFATC Transcription Factors
  • RANK Ligand