Therapeutic vaccination strategies against EBOV by rVSV-EBOV-GP: the role of innate immunity

Curr Opin Virol. 2021 Dec:51:179-189. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.10.007. Epub 2021 Nov 5.

Abstract

Zaire Ebola virus (EBOV) is a member of the Filoviridae family. Infection with EBOV causes Ebola virus disease (EVD) characterized by excessive inflammation, lymphocyte death, coagulopathy, and multi-organ failure. In 2019, the FDA-approved the first anti-EBOV vaccine, rVSV-EBOV-GP (Ervebo® by Merck). This live-recombinant vaccine confers both prophylactic and therapeutic protection to nonhuman primates and humans. While mechanisms conferring prophylactic protection are well-investigated, those underlying protection conferred shortly before and after exposure to EBOV remain poorly understood. In this review, we review data from in vitro and in vivo studies analyzing early immune responses to rVSV-EBOV-GP and discuss the role of innate immune activation in therapeutic protection.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Ebola Vaccines / immunology*
  • Ebola Vaccines / therapeutic use*
  • Ebolavirus / immunology*
  • Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola / immunology*
  • Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola / prevention & control
  • Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola / therapy*
  • Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola / virology
  • Humans
  • Immunity, Innate*
  • Primates / immunology
  • Primates / virology
  • United States
  • United States Food and Drug Administration
  • Vaccination*

Substances

  • Ebola Vaccines