Verification of TRI3 Acetylation of Trichodermol to Trichodermin in the Plant Endophyte Trichoderma taxi
- PMID: 34759898
- PMCID: PMC8573352
- DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.731425
Verification of TRI3 Acetylation of Trichodermol to Trichodermin in the Plant Endophyte Trichoderma taxi
Abstract
Trichodermin, a trichothecene first isolated in Trichoderma species, is a sesquiterpenoid antibiotic that exhibits significant inhibitory activity to the growth of many pathogenic fungi such as Candida albicans, Rhizoctonia solani, and Botrytis cinerea by inhibiting the peptidyl transferase involved in eukaryotic protein synthesis. Trichodermin has also been shown to selectively induce cell apoptosis in several cancer cell lines and thus can act as a potential lead compound for developing anticancer therapeutics. The biosynthetic pathway of trichodermin in Trichoderma has been identified, and most of the involved genes have been functionally characterized. An exception is TRI3, which encodes a putative acetyltransferase. Here, we report the identification of a gene cluster that contains seven genes expectedly involved in trichodermin biosynthesis (TRI3, TRI4, TRI6, TRI10, TRI11, TRI12, and TRI14) in the trichodermin-producing endophytic fungus Trichoderma taxi. As in Trichoderma brevicompactum, TRI5 is not included in the cluster. Functional analysis provides evidence that TRI3 acetylates trichodermol, the immediate precursor, to trichodermin. Disruption of TRI3 gene eliminated the inhibition to R. solani by T. taxi culture filtrates and significantly reduced the production of trichodermin but not of trichodermol. Both the inhibitory activity and the trichodermin production were restored when native TRI3 gene was reintroduced into the disruption mutant. Furthermore, a His-tag-purified TRI3 protein, expressed in Escherichia coli, was able to convert trichodermol to trichodermin in the presence of acetyl-CoA. The disruption of TRI3 also resulted in lowered expression of both the upstream biosynthesis TRI genes and the regulator genes. Our data demonstrate that T. taxi TRI3 encodes an acetyltransferase that catalyzes the esterification of the C-4 oxygen atom on trichodermol and thus plays an essential role in trichodermin biosynthesis in this fungus.
Keywords: TRI3; Trichoderma; antifungal activity; trichodermin biosynthesis; trichothecene.
Copyright © 2021 Chen, Mao, Zhao, Xia, Liu, Kubicek, Wu, Xu and Zhang.
Conflict of interest statement
HC and JL was employed by China Tobacco Guizhou Industrial Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Figures
Similar articles
-
Tri11, tri3, and tri4 genes are required for trichodermin biosynthesis of Trichoderma brevicompactum.AMB Express. 2018 Apr 17;8(1):58. doi: 10.1186/s13568-018-0585-4. AMB Express. 2018. PMID: 29667033 Free PMC article.
-
Species specific substrates and products choices of 4-O-acetyltransferase from Trichoderma brevicompactum.Enzyme Microb Technol. 2017 Sep;104:29-36. doi: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.05.009. Epub 2017 Jun 3. Enzyme Microb Technol. 2017. PMID: 28648177
-
Overexpression of the Trichoderma brevicompactum tri5 gene: effect on the expression of the trichodermin biosynthetic genes and on tomato seedlings.Toxins (Basel). 2011 Sep;3(9):1220-32. doi: 10.3390/toxins3091220. Epub 2011 Sep 23. Toxins (Basel). 2011. PMID: 22069764 Free PMC article.
-
Antifungal activity of metabolites of the endophytic fungus Trichoderma brevicompactum from garlic.Braz J Microbiol. 2014 May 2;45(1):248-54. doi: 10.1590/S1517-83822014005000036. eCollection 2014. Braz J Microbiol. 2014. PMID: 24948941 Free PMC article.
-
Overexpression of the trichodiene synthase gene tri5 increases trichodermin production and antimicrobial activity in Trichoderma brevicompactum.Fungal Genet Biol. 2011 Mar;48(3):285-96. doi: 10.1016/j.fgb.2010.11.012. Epub 2010 Dec 7. Fungal Genet Biol. 2011. PMID: 21145409
Cited by
-
Trichoderma species from plant and soil: An excellent resource for biosynthesis of terpenoids with versatile bioactivities.J Adv Res. 2023 Jul;49:81-102. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.09.010. Epub 2022 Oct 1. J Adv Res. 2023. PMID: 36195283 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Effects of trichothecene production by Trichoderma arundinaceum isolates from bean-field soils on the defense response, growth and development of bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris).Front Plant Sci. 2022 Nov 14;13:1005906. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1005906. eCollection 2022. Front Plant Sci. 2022. PMID: 36452093 Free PMC article.
References
-
- Cardoza R. E., Malmierca M. G., Hermosa M. R., Alexander N. J., McCormick S. P., Proctor R. H., et al. (2011). Identification of loci and functional characterization of trichothecene biosynthetic genes in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 77 4867–4877. 10.1128/aem.00595-11 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Research Materials
Miscellaneous
