Salmonella chitosan nanoparticle vaccine administration is protective against Salmonella Enteritidis in broiler birds

Keila Y Acevedo-Villanueva; Sankar Renu; Revathi Shanmugasundaram; Gabriel O Akerele; Renukaradhy J Gourapura; Ramesh K Selvaraj

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0259334

Salmonella chitosan nanoparticle vaccine administration is protective against Salmonella Enteritidis in broiler birds

PLoS One. 2021 Nov 16;16(11):e0259334. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259334. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Keila Y Acevedo-Villanueva¹, Sankar Renu², Revathi Shanmugasundaram³, Gabriel O Akerele¹, Renukaradhy J Gourapura², Ramesh K Selvaraj¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.
² Department of Veterinary Preventative Medicine, Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America.
³ USDA-ARS, Toxicology and Mycotoxins Research Unit, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.

Abstract

Salmonella control strategies include vaccines that help reduce the spread of Salmonella in poultry flocks. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of administering a live Salmonella vaccine followed by a killed Salmonella chitosan nanoparticle (CNP) vaccine booster on the cellular and humoral immunity of broilers. The CNP vaccine was synthesized with Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) outer-membrane-proteins (OMPs) and flagellin-proteins. At d1-of-age, one-hundred-sixty-eight chicks were allocated into treatments: 1) No vaccine, 2) Live vaccine (Poulvac®ST), 3) CNP vaccine, 4) Live+CNP vaccine. At d1-of-age, birds were orally vaccinated with PBS, Live vaccine, or CNP. At d7-of-age, the No vaccine, Live vaccine and CNP vaccine groups were boosted with PBS and the Live+CNP vaccine group was boosted with CNP. At d14-of-age, birds were challenged with 1×109 CFU/bird S. Enteritidis. There were no significant differences in body-weight-gain (BWG) or feed-conversion-ratio (FCR). At 8h-post-challenge, CNP and Live+CNP-vaccinated birds had 17% and 24% greater levels (P<0.05) of anti-Salmonella OMPs IgA in bile, respectively, compared to control. At d28-of-age, CNP, Live, and Live+CNP-vaccinated birds had 33%, 18%, and 24% greater levels (P<0.05) of anti-Salmonella OMPs IgA in bile, respectively, compared to control. At d14-of-age, Live+CNP-vaccinated birds had 46% greater levels (P<0.05) of anti-Salmonella OMPs IgY in serum, compared to control. At d21-of-age, splenocytes from CNP and Live-vaccinated birds had increased (P<0.05) T-lymphocyte proliferation at 0.02 mg/mL OMPs stimulation compared to the control. At d28-of-age, CNP and Live+CNP-vaccinated birds had 0.9 Log10 CFU/g and 1 Log10 CFU/g decreased S. Enteritidis cecal loads (P<0.05), respectively, compared to control. The CNP vaccine does not have adverse effects on bird's BWG and FCR or IL-1β, IL-10, IFN-γ, or iNOS mRNA expression levels. It can be concluded that the CNP vaccine, as a first dose or as a booster vaccination, is an alternative vaccine candidate against S. Enteritidis in broilers.

Publication types

Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

Animals
Chickens
Chitosan
Salmonella Vaccines*
Vaccines, Attenuated

Substances

Salmonella Vaccines
Vaccines, Attenuated
Chitosan

Grants and funding

This research was partially supported by Hatch grant, USDA-NIFA grant 2017-05035, and 58-6040-8-034 USDA-ARS awarded to R.K.S. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.