Predictors of outcomes following liver transplant in hepatopulmonary syndrome: An OPTN database analysis

Abstract

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a type of pulmonary vascular disease occurring exclusively in those with underlying liver disease, associated with significant mortality in patients awaiting liver transplantation (LT). LT is curative in HPS, and these patients are granted Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) exception points to expedite LT. The purpose of this study is to use multivariable competing risk Accelerated Failure Time models and propensity matching to examine the relationship between pre-LT hypoxemia and post-LT outcomes in HPS. We performed a retrospective cohort study of UNOS/OPTN database of all adult patients undergoing LT between January 1, 2006 and January 12, 2020. Pre-LT PaO₂ was significantly associated with post-LT mortality in HPS, with each 1 mmHg increase in PaO₂ significantly decreasing the risk of post-LT mortality (coefficient 0.039, HR = 0.95, p = 0.001). HPS patients with a pre-LT PaO₂ < 54 mmHg demonstrated increased mortality following LT as compared to matched non-HPS cirrhotic patients. We conclude that HPS patients with a PaO₂, 54 mmHg are at increased risk of post-LT mortality and may identify high-risk patients who would benefit from additional resources during LT, and that the effects of HPS MELD exception points to optimize post-LT outcomes should be continuously re-evaluated.

Keywords: End-stage liver disease; Hepatopulmonary syndrome; Survival rate; Transplant.