The Association of Black Cardiothoracic Surgeons: The Historical Implications of Blackface Imagery

Ann Thorac Surg. 2022 Oct;114(4):1529. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.10.023. Epub 2021 Nov 16.

¹ Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston JBSA, TX 78234. Electronic address: donnell.k.bowen.mil@mail.mil.
² Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
³ Division of Thoracic Surgery, Chesapeake Regional Medical Center, Chesapeake, Virginia.
⁴ Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of California-Davis Health System, Sacramento, California.
⁵ Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. John's Regional Medical Center, Oxnard, California.

No abstract available

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