Diagnosis and Management of Central Nervous System Demyelinating Disorders

Neurol Clin. 2022 Feb;40(1):113-131. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2021.08.008.

Abstract

The spectrum of demyelinating diseases affecting the central nervous system is broad. Although many have a chronic course, neuroinflammatory conditions often present with acute to subacute onset symptoms requiring hospitalization when severe. This article reviews the acute phase assessment and management of these disorders, with a particular focus on multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disorder, and several atypical demyelinating diseases.

Keywords: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis; Demyelinating disease; Multiple sclerosis; Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Autoantibodies
  • Central Nervous System
  • Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated* / diagnosis
  • Humans
  • Multiple Sclerosis* / diagnosis
  • Multiple Sclerosis* / therapy
  • Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
  • Neuromyelitis Optica* / diagnosis
  • Neuromyelitis Optica* / therapy

Substances

  • Autoantibodies
  • Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein