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Review
. 2021 Nov 3:12:732496.
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.732496. eCollection 2021.

The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Anthropometric and Biochemical Indices in Patients With Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Shahla Rezaei  1   2 , Reza Tabrizi  3 , Peyman Nowrouzi-Sohrabi  2   4 , Mohammad Jalali  5 , Mojtaba Shabani-Borujeni  6 , Shayan Modaresi  2 , Maryam Gholamalizadeh  7 , Saeid Doaei  8
Affiliations
Free PMC article
Review

The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Anthropometric and Biochemical Indices in Patients With Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Shahla Rezaei et al. Front Pharmacol. .
Free PMC article

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D was reported to be associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of the vitamin D supplementation on anthropometric and biochemical indices in patient with NAFLD. Methods: PubMed, Web of science, Scopus, and Embase databases were explored to identify all randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigating the effects of vitamin D supplementation on anthropometric and biochemical indices in patients with NAFLD. A random-effects model was used to pool weighted mean difference (WMD) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The statistical heterogeneity among the studies was assessed using I2 statistic (high ≥ 50%, low < 50%) and Cochran's Q-test. Results: Sixteen RCTs were included in this meta-analysis. The results identified that high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level significantly increased following vitamin D supplementation (P = 0.008). Vitamin D reduced body weight (P = 0.007), body mass index (P = 0.002), waist circumstance (WC) (P = 0.02), serum alanine transaminase (ALT) (P = 0.01), fasting blood sugar (FBS) (P = 0.01), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P = 0.004), and calcium (P = 0.01). No significant changes were found on body fat, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and adiponectin following vitamin D supplementation. Conclusion: Vitamin D had significant effects on anthropometric and biochemical indices including HDL-C, body weight, BMI, WC, serum ALT, serum FBS, HOMA-IR, and calcium. Vitamin D supplementation can be considered as an effective strategy in management of patients with NAFLD. Systematic Review Registration: [website], identifier [registration number].

Keywords: NAFLD; anthropometry; biochemical indices; liver enzyme; vitamin D.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Flow chart of the literature search strategy and study selection.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
The lipid profile standardized mean differences estimates for (A) HDL−C, (B) LDL−C, (C) TG and (D) TC between intervention group (receiving vitamin D supplementation) and placebo groups.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
The anthropometric parameters standardized mean differences estimates for (A) BMI, (B) weight, and (C) body fat and (D) WC between intervention group (receiving vitamin D supplementation) and placebo groups.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
The Liver enzymes standardized mean differences estimates for (A) AST (B) ALT, (C) ALP and (D) GGT between intervention group (receiving vitamin D supplementation) and placebo groups.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
The FBS, HOMA, Adiponectin and calcium mean differences estimates for (A) FBG, (B) HOMA−IR, (C) Adiponectin and (D) calcium FBS: fasting plasma glucose; homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; RCTs, randomized controlled trials.
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