Objective: To investigate the incidence and determinants of vaccine hesitancy towards national immunization program in China and understand the current status of parents' hesitancy to different vaccines used in national immunization program. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Beijing, Sichuan and Gansu. The methods of proportional probability sampling and convenience sampling were used to select the eligible study subjects for questionnaire surveys. Results: A total of 3 592 parents were enrolled in the study, in whom 38.22% fully accepted all the vaccines, 59.35% agreed to let their children to receive all the vaccines but showed slight concern, and 2.42% had hesitancy to the vaccines. The vaccine with the most hesitancy was polio vaccine (0.89%), followed by diphtheria pertussis tetanus vaccine (0.70%) and hepatitis A vaccine (0.64%). The dominant reason for vaccine hesitancy was the risk-benefit perception of vaccination (31.03%), followed by the low awareness of the parents (21.84%) and the inconvenience caused by distance and time (21.84%). Conclusions: The incidence of vaccine hesitancy towards national immunization program was low in parents in China, but over 50% of the parents showed concern to the vaccines. It is essential to improve the service quality of national immunization program and strengthen the health education about the vaccination to reduce the incidence of vaccine hesitancy in parents.
目的： 了解我国儿童家长对国家免疫规划类疫苗犹豫发生率和影响因素，并探索不同种类疫苗的犹豫现状。 方法： 在北京市通州区、四川省成都市及甘肃省白银市进行横断面调查，采用成比例概率抽样和便利抽样的方法选取符合标准的研究对象进行问卷调查。 结果： 共纳入研究对象3 592人，38.22%的家长完全接受所有疫苗，59.35%的家长给儿童接种了所有疫苗但表示有轻微的担忧，2.42%的儿童家长对国家免疫规划类疫苗有疫苗犹豫行为。其中家长产生疫苗犹豫最多的是脊髓灰质炎疫苗（0.89%），其次为百白破疫苗（0.70%）和甲肝疫苗（0.64%）。疫苗犹豫产生的主要原因是对疫苗的风险效益判断（31.03%），其次为家长的认知情况较低（21.84%），第三为交通/时间因素带来的不便（21.84%）。 结论： 我国儿童家长对国家免疫规划类疫苗犹豫行为的发生率较低，但半数以上家长对疫苗持担忧态度。进一步改进我国免疫规划体系的服务质量，加强疫苗相关知识宣教，对减少疫苗犹豫是至关重要的。.