BACKGROUND: En route care (ERC) is a military aeromedical mission designed to transport a patient to a higher level of care. With the exception of one manual, there are no other formal Navy ERC guidelines, leaving the service to provide such missions ad hoc. Based on the authors review of available literature, it seems no prior research has been done on Navy rescue swimmers performing ERC, though many search and rescue (SAR) missions take place without designated medical personnel. This study specifically examines the type of provider involved in Navy ERC missions and the types of cases involved with the purpose of influencing Navy policy.METHODS: A cross-sectional study examining 829 air evacuations performed by Navy SAR flight crews from 2016 to 2019 was analyzed.RESULTS: Of 829 cases reviewed, patients were more likely to be active-duty personnel (51%) than civilian (47%), and there were 2.5 times more male than female patients. There were more trauma (54%) than medical (43%) patients, with Basic Life Support (BLS) level care (60%) delivered twice as often as Advanced Life Support (ALS) (28%). Search and Rescue Medical Technicians (SMTs) and rescue swimmers provided 83% of ERC, with rescue swimmers supporting 33% of all ERC missions alone.DISCUSSION: The results of this study are in contrast to previous ERC studies, in which rescue swimmer-only transports were excluded from the data. The results raise the question, do rescue swimmers need to be trained to a higher level of care?Henry SM, Stanfield MM. U.S. Navy aeromedical missions from 20162019 with a focus on en route care provider type. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(11):873-879.