MRI of focal cortical dysplasia

Horst Urbach; Elias Kellner; Nico Kremers; Ingmar Blümcke; Theo Demerath

doi:10.1007/s00234-021-02865-x

MRI of focal cortical dysplasia

Neuroradiology. 2022 Mar;64(3):443-452. doi: 10.1007/s00234-021-02865-x. Epub 2021 Nov 27.

Authors

Horst Urbach¹, Elias Kellner², Nico Kremers³, Ingmar Blümcke⁴, Theo Demerath³

Affiliations

¹ Dept. of Neuroradiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, 79106, Freiburg, Germany. horst.urbach@uniklinik-freiburg.de.
² Dept. of Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
³ Dept. of Neuroradiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
⁴ Dept. of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.

Abstract

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) are histopathologically categorized in ILAE type I to III. Mild malformations of cortical development (mMCD) including those with oligodendroglial hyperplasia (MOGHE) are to be integrated into this classification yet. Only FCD type II have distinctive MRI and molecular genetics alterations so far. Subtle FCD including FCD type II located in the depth of a sulcus are often overlooked requiring the use of dedicated sequences (MP2RAGE, FLAWS, EDGE) and/or voxel (VBM)- or surface-based (SBM) postprocessing. The added value of 7 Tesla MRI has to be proven yet.

Keywords: Focal cortical dysplasia; Lesions; MRI.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Epilepsy*
Humans
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Malformations of Cortical Development* / diagnostic imaging
Malformations of Cortical Development, Group I*