Objective: To investigate the status of height and weight of 3-18-year-old children and adolescents in urban China, and to provide a basis for establishing puberty phase specific curves for age-specific height and age-specific weight. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 218 185 children and adolescents aged 3-18 years in urban China was conducted by using the method of stratified random cluster sampling from January 2017 to December 2019. The sampling areas included 12 provinces municipalities in China and autonomous regions in total. Data were collected on weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference and secondary sexual characteristics. The generalized additive model for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS) was employed to establish percentile reference values and growth curves of height and weight for boys and girls aged 3-18 years. Wilcoxon rank sum test was applied to compare the P50 value of height and weight between children of each Tanner stage and children of the same age ignoring the different puberty phase. Results: The 3rd, 50th, and 97th percentile curves for height and weight for age were developed for boys and girls aged 3-18 years. The 3rd, 50th, and 97th percentile curves for age-specific height and age-specific weight for each puberty phase were developed for boys and girls. Compared with all children ignoring the different puberty phase, boys aged 9 and over and girls aged 7 and over who are at Tanner stage 1 showed shorter height and lighter weight than those of the same age group (all P<0.01), the difference ranges of height at P50 are -4.0 to -0.6 cm for boys, and -4.4 to 0.5 cm for girls; the difference ranges of weight are -4.8 to 0.4 kg for boys, and -4.0 to -0.3 kg for girls; children at Tanner stage 2 & 3 initially were taller and heavier than those of the same age group; and later grew shorter and lighter than those of the same age group, the two sets of curves cross over; boys aged 16 and under and girl aged under 14 who are at Tanner stage 4 were taller and heavier than those of the same age group (all P<0.01), the difference ranges of height at P50 are 0.2 to 10.0 cm for boys, and 0.2 to 9.4 cm for girls; the difference ranges of weight at P50 are 0.7 to 10.9 kg for boys, and 1.0 to 11.2 kg for girls, and the differences showed narrowing trend with age. Conclusion: The puberty phase specific growth curves of age-specific height and age-specific weight for boys and girls aged 3-18 years are established, it is useful for clinical work to evaluate physical development of children at different puberty phases.
目的： 了解我国城镇3~18岁儿童不同Tanner分期身高、体重的情况，为建立各青春发育期身高、体重的标准化参照值提供依据。 方法： 于2017年1月至2019年12月应用分层随机整群抽样的方法，对中国12个省、自治区、直辖市218 185名健康儿童体格发育情况进行横断面调查。调查指标包括体重、身高、腰围、臀围和第二性征。采用基于GAMLSS软件构建各年龄组男、女童的身高、体重百分位数参照值及生长曲线，采用Wilcoxon秩和检验比较各Tanner分期儿童与同年龄同性别不分发育分期组所有儿童的身高、体重第50百分位值。 结果： 绘制出3~18岁儿童男、女各自年龄的身高、体重第3、50、97百分位曲线。绘制出儿童男、女各青春发育期年龄的身高、体重第3、50、97百分位曲线。9岁及以上Tanner 1期男童和7岁及以上Tanner 1期女童身高及体重低于同年龄同性别所有儿童（均P<0.01），男女童身高差值范围分别为-4.0~-0.6、-4.4~-0.5 cm，体重差值范围分别为-4.8~-0.4、-4.0~-0.3 kg。Tanner 2期与3期儿童年龄的身高及年龄的体重呈先高后低趋势，两组曲线呈交叉走势。16岁及以下Tanner 4期男童和14岁以下Tanner 4期女童年龄的身高、体重高于同龄同性别所有儿童（均P<0.01），身高差值范围男女童分别为0.2~10.0、0.2~9.4 cm，体重差值范围分别为0.7~10.9、1.0~11.2 g，曲线各年龄组两组间差异随年龄逐渐缩小。 结论： 建立了我国城镇3~18岁不同性别儿童各青春发育期年龄的身高、体重百分位曲线，可供临床进行青春期体格发育评估使用。.