The effect of maladaptive schemas and psychological flexibility approaches on the addiction severity of drug addicts

Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2021 Dec;35(6):617-624. doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2021.09.001. Epub 2021 Sep 30.

Abstract

Purpose: This study tested a model of the effect of maladaptive schemas on addiction severity and the mediating role of psychological flexibility between the two.

Methods: The descriptive and methodological study was conducted with 661 opioid users. Data were collected using the questionnaire, including sociodemographic Characteristics, Addiction Profile Index, Young Schema Questionnaire 3 Short Form, Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II and Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and correlational analysis and structural equation model.

Results: The mean age was 27.43 ± 7.04 years. Of participants, 52.3% had a secondary school degree, 76.7% had no children, 90.8% were men, 69.3% single, 71.9% unemployed, and 71.4% lived with their parents. Relationship between schemas and addiction severity was 0.36 (p < 0.05), which was reduced to 0.10 by psychological flexibility (p < 0.05). Psychological flexibility affects addiction severity directly, but maladaptive schemas affect addiction severity through psychological flexibility.

Conclusions: Maladaptive schemas and psychological flexibility are constructs that need to be addressed in substance use treatment.

Keywords: Addiction; Addiction severity; Maladaptive schemas; Opioid addiction; Psychological flexibility.

MeSH terms

  • Adaptation, Psychological
  • Adult
  • Behavior, Addictive*
  • Drug Users*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Young Adult