Role of the rs10401670 variant in the resistin gene on the metabolic response after weight loss secondary to a high-fat hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean pattern

Abstract

Background: The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs10401670) of the RETN gene has been associated with metabolic disorder in obese subjects and has scarcely been evaluated after dietary interventions. The present study aimed to analyse the effects of the rs10401670 RETN gene polymorphism on metabolic changes secondary to weight loss and secondary to a high-fat hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean dietary pattern.

Methods: A Caucasian population comprising 284 obese patients without diabetes mellitus was analysed. Before and after 3 months of a high-fat hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean pattern, an anthropometric evaluation, an assessment of nutritional intake and a biochemical analysis were performed. A statistical analysis was conducted for the combined CT and TT as a group and for wild-type CC as a second group.

Results: Decreases in weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass, systolic blood pressure and waist circumference were similar in both genotypes groups. In T allele carriers, insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglycerides and C-reactive protein levels were decreased. The decrease in these parameters was statistically significant for triglycerides (-22.3 ± 9.3 mg dl^-1 : p = 0.03), C-reactive protein (-2.8 ± 0.5 mg dl^-1 : p = 0.03), insulin (-7.4 ± 2.9 mUI L^-1 : p = 0.03) and HOMA-IR (-2.4 ± 1.0: p = 0.02). Leptin levels were decreased in both genotypes groups after the hypocaloric diet, as well as the anthropometric parameters BMI, weight, waist circumference and fat mass. Resistin and adiponectin levels remained unchanged in both groups.

Conclusions: In the present study, we have detected a significant association between the T allele of this SNP and a better response of insulin resistance, triglycerides and C-reactive protein compared to non T allele carriers after weight loss with a high-fat hypocaloric diet and a Mediterranean diet.

Keywords: high-fat hypocaloric diet; insulin resistance; resistin; rs10401670 gene variant.