Safety and Efficacy of Ruxolitinib in Patients with Myelofibrosis and Low Platelet Counts (50 - 100 × 109/L): Final Analysis of an Open-Label Phase 2 Study

Abstract

Introduction: Treatment options in patients with myelofibrosis (MF) presenting with thrombocytopenia are limited. Final results of the phase 2 study (NCT01348490) of ruxolitinib in patients with MF and low baseline platelet counts (50 - 100 × 10⁹/L) are reported.

Patients and methods: Patients received ruxolitinib 5 mg twice daily (BID), with optional up-titration to a maximum of 15 mg BID, provided platelet count remained ≥40 × 10⁹/L. Assessments included spleen volume and length, Total Symptom Score (TSS), quality of life, and safety.

Results: Of 66 patients, 52 (78.8%) completed the first 24 weeks of treatment. Median (range) percentage change from baseline in spleen volume and TSS (coprimary endpoints) were -20.5% (-55.8% to 38.5%, n=51) and -39.8% (-98.6% to 226.4%, n=53), respectively; greatest median reductions were in the 10 mg BID final titrated dose group. Of patients achieving ≥35% or ≥10% reduction in spleen volume, 8/11 (72.7%) and 21/34 (61.8%), respectively, were in the 10 mg BID final titrated dose group. Thirty-seven of 65 patients (56.9%) had ≥20% improvement in TSS, and 35/66 patients (53.0%) were Patient Global Impression of Change responders. Treatment-emergent adverse events led to dose interruption in 17/66 patients (25.8%), most commonly thrombocytopenia (n=3).

Conclusion: A starting dose of ruxolitinib 5 mg BID with gradual up-titration and dose optimization based on hematologic parameters and response was efficacious and generally well-tolerated in patients with MF and low platelet counts. Median improvement in spleen volume and symptoms was greatest for patients receiving ruxolitinib 10 mg BID.

Keywords: Janus kinase inhibitor; Myeloproliferative neoplasm; Spleen volume; Thrombocytopenia; Total Symptom Score.