Effectiveness of self-care program on the quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing cardiac rehabilitation: A Randomized clinical trial

Mohammad Goudarzi Rad; Leila Ghanbari-Afra; Mahsa Haji Mohammad Hoseini; Monireh Ghanbari Afra; Hamid Asayesh

doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_70_21

Effectiveness of self-care program on the quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing cardiac rehabilitation: A Randomized clinical trial

J Educ Health Promot. 2021 Oct 29:10:375. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_70_21. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Mohammad Goudarzi Rad¹, Leila Ghanbari-Afra², Mahsa Haji Mohammad Hoseini³, Monireh Ghanbari Afra⁴, Hamid Asayesh⁵

Affiliations

¹ Master of Critical Care Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
² Trauma Nursing Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
³ Emergency Department, Paramedical Faculty, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
⁴ Master of Critical Care Nursing, Shahid Beheshti-Amir Al-Momenin Department, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
⁵ Emergency Department, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.

Abstract

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a life-threatening condition that causes physical and psychological disorders and decreases patients' quality of life (QoL). Performing proper educational self-care program may lead to higher QoL in these patients. This study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of a self-care educational program on QoL in patients with CAD.

Materials and methods: This semi-experimental study was performed on 60 patients with CAD referred to the cardiac rehabilitation (CR) center of Vali Asr hospital in Qom, Iran, in 2018-2019. Patients were divided into control and intervention groups by randomized sampling. The self-care educational program was provided through lectures and booklet. Data collection was done using the "demographic and clinical data questionnaire," and "Seattle Angina questionnaire." Questionnaires were completed in both groups, before and at least 1 month after education. Analysis of the obtained data was performed using SPSS software (version 25), central indexes, Mann-Whitney test, and Wilcoxon test.

Results: No significant differences were observed between the two groups for demographics characteristics and quality of life before the intervention. Before the self-care program, the mean score of the QoL in the intervention and control group were 56.14 ± 9.75 and 58.46 ± 11.71, respectively. After that, the mean score of the QoL in the intervention and control group were 59.25 ± 10.56 and 59.7 ± 13.33, respectively. The statistical analysis showed significant differences in the mean scores of QoL in the intervention group before and after the intervention (P < 0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were seen in the control group before and after the study (P > 0.05).

Conclusions: The self-care educational program improved the QoL in patients with CAD. Therefore, lectures and educational booklets should be considered by CR nurses.

Keywords: Cardiac rehabilitation; coronary artery disease; quality of life; self-care.