Rising Plasma Beta-Carotene Is Associated With Diminishing C-Reactive Protein in Patients Consuming a Dark Green Leafy Vegetable-Rich, Low Inflammatory Foods Everyday (LIFE) Diet

Am J Lifestyle Med. 2019 Dec 21;15(6):634-643. doi: 10.1177/1559827619894954. eCollection 2021 Nov-Dec.

Abstract

Chronic inflammation contributes to a number of chronic diseases and can be assessed with C-reactive protein (CRP). In this longitudinal retrospective chart review, we investigate whether patients intensively counseled to eat a specific diet high in dark green leafy vegetables, and thus high beta-carotene, have reductions in plasma high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP). We term this the Low Inflammatory Foods Everyday (LIFE) diet. Forty-three patients in a community practice instructed to eat the LIFE diet met inclusion criteria. The CRP levels were measured at least twice over the course of up to a year. Adherence to the diet was objectively assessed by measurement of plasma beta-carotene, which is abundant in dark green leafy vegetables, and subjectively by serial interviews. The change in beta-carotene was inversely correlated with change in CRP (r = -0.68, P < .0001). Additionally, patients subjectively classified as adherent had higher beta-carotene (P < .0001) and lower CRP (P = .002) as compared with patients who were classified as nonadherent. These longitudinal findings suggest that adherence to the LIFE diet leads to increased beta-carotene and decreased CRP. Thus, this type of diet may reduce risk or severity of chronic diseases involving inflammation.

Keywords: C-reactive protein (CRP); beta-carotene; dark green leafy vegetables (DGLV); phytonutrients; whole food plant-based diet (WFPBD).