CLADISTIC ANALYSIS OF METAZOAN RELATIONSHIPS: A REAPPRAISAL

doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1993.tb00216.x

. 1993 Jun;9(2):167-181.

doi: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.1993.tb00216.x.

CLADISTIC ANALYSIS OF METAZOAN RELATIONSHIPS: A REAPPRAISAL

Thierry Backeljau¹, Birgitta Winnepenninckx², Luc De Bruyn³

Affiliations

¹ Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (KBIN), Malacology Section, Vautierstraat 29, B-1040 Brussels, Belgium.
² University of Antwerp (UIA), Department of Biochemistry, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
³ University of Antwerp (RUCA), Department of Biology, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.

PMID: 34929970
DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.1993.tb00216.x

Free article

CLADISTIC ANALYSIS OF METAZOAN RELATIONSHIPS: A REAPPRAISAL

Thierry Backeljau et al. Cladistics. 1993 Jun.

Free article

. 1993 Jun;9(2):167-181.

doi: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.1993.tb00216.x.

Authors

Thierry Backeljau¹, Birgitta Winnepenninckx², Luc De Bruyn³

Affiliations

¹ Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (KBIN), Malacology Section, Vautierstraat 29, B-1040 Brussels, Belgium.
² University of Antwerp (UIA), Department of Biochemistry, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
³ University of Antwerp (RUCA), Department of Biology, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.

PMID: 34929970
DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.1993.tb00216.x

Abstract

Abstract- A recently published cladistic analysis of metazoan relationships based on 77 embryological and morphological characters is shown to be defective with respect to both methodological issues and the interpretation of certain characters. Consequently, many conclusions of this analysis are not supported by the data. Alternative phylogenetic hypotheses are therefore proposed, based on a re-evaluation of an adapted data set.

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References

REFERENCES

1. Anderson, D. T. 1983. Origins and relationships among the animal phyla. Proc. Linn. Soc. NSW 106: 151-166.
1. Ax, P. 1985. The position of the Gnathostorrmlida and Platyhelminthes in the phylogenetic system of the Bilateria. In: S., Conway Morris, J. D., George, R. Gibson and H. M., Platt (eds). The Origins and Relationships of Lower Invertebrates. The Systematic Association Special Volume No. 28, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford , pp. 168-180.
1. Ax, P. 1989. Basic phylogenetic systematization of the Metazoa. In: B. Fernholm, K- Bremer and H., Jomvall (eds). The Hierarchy of Life. Excerpta Medica (Elsevier), Amsterdam , pp. 229-245.
1. Abele, L. G., W., Kim and B. E., Felgenhauer. 1989. Molecular evidence for inclusion of the phylum Pentastomida in the Crustacea. Mol. Biol. Evol. 6: 685-691.
1. Anderberg, A. and A. Tehler. 1990. Consensus trees, a necessity in taxonomic practice. Cladistics 6: 399-402.

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[1] Anderson, D. T. 1983. Origins and relationships among the animal phyla. Proc. Linn. Soc. NSW 106: 151-166.

[2] Anderson, D. T. 1983. Origins and relationships among the animal phyla. Proc. Linn. Soc. NSW 106: 151-166.

[3] Ax, P. 1985. The position of the Gnathostorrmlida and Platyhelminthes in the phylogenetic system of the Bilateria. In: S., Conway Morris, J. D., George, R. Gibson and H. M., Platt (eds). The Origins and Relationships of Lower Invertebrates. The Systematic Association Special Volume No. 28, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford , pp. 168-180.

[4] Ax, P. 1985. The position of the Gnathostorrmlida and Platyhelminthes in the phylogenetic system of the Bilateria. In: S., Conway Morris, J. D., George, R. Gibson and H. M., Platt (eds). The Origins and Relationships of Lower Invertebrates. The Systematic Association Special Volume No. 28, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford , pp. 168-180.

[5] Ax, P. 1989. Basic phylogenetic systematization of the Metazoa. In: B. Fernholm, K- Bremer and H., Jomvall (eds). The Hierarchy of Life. Excerpta Medica (Elsevier), Amsterdam , pp. 229-245.

[6] Ax, P. 1989. Basic phylogenetic systematization of the Metazoa. In: B. Fernholm, K- Bremer and H., Jomvall (eds). The Hierarchy of Life. Excerpta Medica (Elsevier), Amsterdam , pp. 229-245.

[7] Abele, L. G., W., Kim and B. E., Felgenhauer. 1989. Molecular evidence for inclusion of the phylum Pentastomida in the Crustacea. Mol. Biol. Evol. 6: 685-691.

[8] Abele, L. G., W., Kim and B. E., Felgenhauer. 1989. Molecular evidence for inclusion of the phylum Pentastomida in the Crustacea. Mol. Biol. Evol. 6: 685-691.

[9] Anderberg, A. and A. Tehler. 1990. Consensus trees, a necessity in taxonomic practice. Cladistics 6: 399-402.

[10] Anderberg, A. and A. Tehler. 1990. Consensus trees, a necessity in taxonomic practice. Cladistics 6: 399-402.

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CLADISTIC ANALYSIS OF METAZOAN RELATIONSHIPS: A REAPPRAISAL

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CLADISTIC ANALYSIS OF METAZOAN RELATIONSHIPS: A REAPPRAISAL

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Abstract

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