Advancing primary care with Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

Zhou Yang; Christina Silcox; Mark Sendak; Sherri Rose; David Rehkopf; Robert Phillips; Lars Peterson; Miguel Marino; John Maier; Steven Lin; Winston Liaw; Ioannis A Kakadiaris; John Heintzman; Isabella Chu; Andrew Bazemore

doi:10.1016/j.hjdsi.2021.100594

Advancing primary care with Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

Healthc (Amst). 2022 Mar;10(1):100594. doi: 10.1016/j.hjdsi.2021.100594. Epub 2021 Dec 23.

Authors

Zhou Yang¹, Christina Silcox², Mark Sendak³, Sherri Rose⁴, David Rehkopf⁵, Robert Phillips⁶, Lars Peterson⁷, Miguel Marino⁸, John Maier⁹, Steven Lin¹⁰, Winston Liaw¹¹, Ioannis A Kakadiaris¹², John Heintzman¹³, Isabella Chu⁵, Andrew Bazemore⁶

Affiliations

¹ The Center for Professionalism & Value in Health Care, USA; American Board of Family Medicine, USA. Electronic address: zyang@theabfm.org.
² Duke Margolis Center for Health Policy, USA.
³ Duke Institute for Health Innovation, USA.
⁴ Department of Health Policy, Stanford University, USA.
⁵ Stanford Center for Population Health Sciences, USA.
⁶ The Center for Professionalism & Value in Health Care, USA; American Board of Family Medicine, USA.
⁷ American Board of Family Medicine, USA.
⁸ Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, USA.
⁹ Director of Research & Development, Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, USA.
¹⁰ Stanford Healthcare AI Applied Research Team, Vice Chief for Technology Innovation, Stanford Division of Primary Care and Population Health, USA.
¹¹ Department of Health System and Population Health Science, University of Houston, College of Medicine, USA.
¹² Hugh Roy and Lillie Cranz Cullen Distinguished University Professor, Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, USA.
¹³ OCHIN Inc, USA; Oregon Health and Science University, USA.

PMID: 34954571
DOI: 10.1016/j.hjdsi.2021.100594

Abstract

Primary care is the largest healthcare delivery platform in the US. Facing the Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning technology (AI/ML) revolution, the primary care community would benefit from a roadmap revealing priority areas and opportunities for developing and integrating AI/ML-driven clinical tools. This article presents a framework that identifies five domains for AI/ML integration in primary care to support care delivery transformation and achieve the Quintuple Aims of the healthcare system. We concluded that primary care plays a critical role in developing, introducing, implementing, and monitoring AI/ML tools in healthcare and must not be overlooked as AI/ML transforms healthcare.

Keywords: AI/ML; PCP; Population health; Primary care.

MeSH terms

Artificial Intelligence*
Delivery of Health Care
Health Facilities
Humans
Machine Learning*
Primary Health Care