Sarcoidosis associated pleural effusion: Clinical aspects

Abstract

A sarcoidosis associated pleural effusion (SAPE) is a pleural effusion caused by active granulomatous inflammation from sarcoidosis. We describe the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnostic approach, treatment strategies and outcome of this condition. SAPE occurs in approximately 1% of sarcoidosis patients. The condition most commonly occurs at the initial presentation of sarcoidosis or within the first year. Dyspnea is the most common presenting symptom. Although a definitive diagnosis of SAPE requires a pleural biopsy, the diagnosis may be established on the basis of clinical features alone provided that alternative conditions can be reliably excluded. Pleural fluid analysis is essential in establishing the clinical diagnosis of SAPE. Corticosteroids are the drugs of choice for SAPE, and they are usually rapidly effective with courses of therapy often lasting less than two months. SAPE tends to have a low rate of recurrence that appears be to lower than for many other forms of sarcoidosis.

Keywords: Diagnosis; Pleural effusion; Sarcoidosis; Treatment; Tuberculosis pleural effusion.