Patterned Interference Radiation Force for Transcranial Neuromodulation

Ultrasound Med Biol. 2022 Mar;48(3):497-511. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.11.006. Epub 2021 Dec 23.

Abstract

Compared with the conventional method of transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation using a single transducer or a focused beam, the compression and tensile forces are generated from the high-pressure gradient of a standing wave that can generate increased stimulation. We experimentally verified a neuromodulation system using patterned interference radiation force (PIRF) and propose a method for obtaining the magnitude of the radiation force, which is considered the main factor influencing ultrasound neuromodulation. The radiation forces generated using a single focused transducer and a standing wave created via two focused transducers were compared using simulations. Radiation force was calculated based on the relationship between the acoustic pressure, radiation force and time-averaged second-order pressure obtained using an acoustic streaming simulation. The presence of the radiation force was verified by measuring the time-averaged second-order pressure generated due to the radiation force, by using a glass tube.

Keywords: Acoustic streaming; Neuromodulation; Patterned interference radiation force; Time-averaged second-order pressure; Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Acoustics
  • Brain* / diagnostic imaging
  • Computer Simulation
  • Transducers*
  • Ultrasonography