Background: Low back pain is a significant spinal disorder that affects much of the population at some point during their lives.
Objective: While proper diagnosis is key, diagnosing the underlying cause of low back pain may often be unclear.
Method: In this review article, we discuss lumbar instability as an etiology of low back pain and its treatment by prolotherapy.
Results: Spinal ligaments may be an underlying culprit in the development of lumbar instability with resultant low back pain and associated disorders.
Conclusion: In these cases, adequate treatment consisting of non-biologic prolotherapy or cellular prolotherapy, including platelet rich plasma (PRP), can be beneficial in restoring spinal stability and resolving chronic low back pain.
Keywords: Lumbar instability; degenerative disc disease; facet joint; low back pain; prolotherapy; sacroiliac joint; spinal osteoarthritis.