Enhanced electron transfer and ion storage in phosphorus/nitrogen co-doped 3D interconnected carbon nanocage toward potassium-ion battery

Fei Yuan; Huilan Sun; Di Zhang; Zhaojin Li; Jian Wang; Huan Wang; Qiujun Wang; Yusheng Wu; Bo Wang

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.121

Enhanced electron transfer and ion storage in phosphorus/nitrogen co-doped 3D interconnected carbon nanocage toward potassium-ion battery

J Colloid Interface Sci. 2022 Apr:611:513-522. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.121. Epub 2021 Dec 22.

Authors

Fei Yuan¹, Huilan Sun², Di Zhang³, Zhaojin Li², Jian Wang², Huan Wang², Qiujun Wang², Yusheng Wu⁴, Bo Wang⁵

Affiliations

¹ School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Flexible Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
² Hebei Key Laboratory of Flexible Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
³ Hebei Key Laboratory of Flexible Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050000, China. Electronic address: snowfoxzd@hebust.edu.cn.
⁴ School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China. Electronic address: wuyus@sut.edu.cn.
⁵ Hebei Key Laboratory of Flexible Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050000, China. Electronic address: wangbo1996@gmail.com.

PMID: 34971962
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.121

Abstract

Heteroatoms doping strategies are often considered to be an effective approach to provide rich active sites for capacitive-controlled potassium storage, and enlarged interspacing for intercalation process. However, the excess doping level will form a large number of sp³ defects and thus severely damage π-conjugated system, which is unfavorable for electron transfer. Herein, a P/N co-doped three-dimensional (3D) interconnected carbon nanocage (denoted as PN-CNC) is prepared with the help of a template-assisted method. The use of template and P heteroatom can contribute to forming a 3D interconnected carbon nanocage to prevent conductive carbon matrix from being excessively damaged, favoring a high electronic conductivity. The co-existence of P/N doping configurations with suitable content not only generate abundant defects, edge-voids, and micropores for significant capacitive behaviors, but also supply adequate interlayer space for intercalation process, and all these together ensure enhanced ion storage. As a result, the optimized PN-CNC electrode exhibits an exceptional reversible capacity (262 mAh g^-1) and a superior rate capability (214.2 mAh g^-1). Besides, long-term cycling stability is easily fulfilled by delivering a high capacity of 188.7 mAh g^-1 at 2 A g^-1 after 3000 cycles.

Keywords: Anode; Carbon nanocage; Phosphorus/nitrogen co-doping; Potassium-ion battery.