Purpose: This study used cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to assess the prevalence of and factors associated with maxillary sinus cysts (MSCs) in a Chinese population.
Methods: A total of 2,571 CBCT scans of 5,000 sinuses were analyzed. MSCs were diagnosed on the basis of imaging features within the maxillary sinus. Sex, age, dental condition, and anatomic condition were assessed. Associations with these factors were evaluated with logistic regression and a generalized estimating equations model.
Results: The prevalence of MSCs was 15.46% at the sinus level and 23.44% at the patient level. The prevalence of MSCs was higher for men (OR = 1.864, P < 0.001) and for patients with apical lesions (OR = 1.76, P < 0.001), severe bone loss (OR = 1.363, P < 0.05), tooth roots in contact with the sinus floor (OR = 1.68, P < 0.001), and pits or septa on the floor of the maxillary sinus (OR = 1.539, P < 0.001).
Conclusion: This large sample had a high prevalence of MSCs. MSC prevalence was associated with multiple factors, including sex, dental condition, and anatomic condition. Maintenance of healthy dental and periodontal status might help prevent MSCs.
Keywords: cone-beam computed tomography; maxillary sinus cyst; prevalence; related factors.