Three-dimensional mapping, recording and ablation in simulated and induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias during mechanical circulatory support using the percutaneous heart pump

Abstract

Purpose: Due to their internal rotating magnets, conventional impeller-driven percutaneous ventricular assist devices (PVADs) yield high-frequency electrogram artifact and electromagnetic interference (EMI) when used with magnetic-based 3D electroanatomic mapping systems. The new percutaneous heart pump (PHP; Abbott, Chicago, IL) is a 14-French, 5-L/min, impeller axial-flow PVAD with a novel design that utilizes an external motor.

Methods: We evaluated the feasibility of 3D mapping and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in vivo during PHP mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in simulated ventricular tachycardia (pacing at 300 ms) and ventricular flutter (VFL, pacing at 200 ms) and also during ventricular fibrillation (VF) in a porcine model. Anterograde (right ventricular), transseptal, retrograde, and epicardial right and left ventricular 3D mapping (EnSite/CARTO) and RFA were performed in 6 swine using high-density mapping and force-sensing RFA catheters (TactiCath/ThermoCool). Surface and intracardiac electrograms and 3D maps were analyzed for noise/interference with and without MCS using PHP in sinus rhythm and simulated VT/VFL and VF.

Results: Mapping and RFA proved feasible in the presence of MCS using PHP. The mean arterial pressure in sinus rhythm was 55 ± 2 mmHg (baseline) and 84 ± 4 mmHg during MCS with PHP and well-maintained during simulated VT (73 ± 8 mmHg) and VFL (65 ± 2 mmHg) and even in VF (65 ± 5 mmHg). No electrogram noise/artifact, EMI, or 3D map distortions were observed during mapping/RFA with either of two mapping systems.

Conclusions: Endocardial and epicardial 3D mapping and RFA in the presence of PHP are feasible and offer significant MCS during simulated VT/VFL and VF. Furthermore, PHP yielded no electrogram noise/artifact, EMI, or 3D mapping distortions in conjunction with magnetic-based 3D mapping systems.

Keywords: 3D; Artifact; Catheter ablation; Electromagnetic interference; Mapping; Percutaneous heart pump; Radiofrequency; Ventricular assist device; Ventricular fibrillation; Ventricular tachycardia.