Carotid artery velocity time integral and corrected flow time measured by a wearable Doppler ultrasound detect stroke volume rise from simulated hemorrhage to transfusion

Jon-Émile S Kenny; Igor Barjaktarevic; David C Mackenzie; Mai Elfarnawany; Zhen Yang; Andrew M Eibl; Joseph K Eibl; Chul-Ho Kim; Bruce D Johnson

doi:10.1186/s13104-021-05896-y

Carotid artery velocity time integral and corrected flow time measured by a wearable Doppler ultrasound detect stroke volume rise from simulated hemorrhage to transfusion

BMC Res Notes. 2022 Jan 10;15(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s13104-021-05896-y.

Authors

Jon-Émile S Kenny^{1

2}, Igor Barjaktarevic³, David C Mackenzie^{4

5}, Mai Elfarnawany⁶, Zhen Yang⁶, Andrew M Eibl^{7

6}, Joseph K Eibl^{7

6

8}, Chul-Ho Kim⁹, Bruce D Johnson⁹

Affiliations

¹ Health Sciences North Research Institute, 56 Walford Rd, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2H2, Canada. jon-emile@heart-lung.org.
² Flosonics Medical, 325 Front Street, Toronto, ON, M5V 2Y1, Canada. jon-emile@heart-lung.org.
³ Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
⁴ Department of Emergency Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA.
⁵ Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
⁶ Flosonics Medical, 325 Front Street, Toronto, ON, M5V 2Y1, Canada.
⁷ Health Sciences North Research Institute, 56 Walford Rd, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2H2, Canada.
⁸ Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada.
⁹ Human Integrative and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Abstract

Objective: Doppler ultrasonography of the common carotid artery is used to infer stroke volume change and a wearable Doppler ultrasound has been designed to improve this workflow. Previously, in a human model of hemorrhage and resuscitation comprising approximately 50,000 cardiac cycles, we found a strong, linear correlation between changing stroke volume, and measures from the carotid Doppler signal, however, optimal Doppler thresholds for detecting a 10% stroke volume change were not reported. In this Research Note, we present these thresholds, their sensitivities, specificities and areas under their receiver operator curves (AUROC).

Results: Augmentation of carotid artery maximum velocity time integral and corrected flowtime by 18% and 4%, respectively, accurately captured 10% stroke volume rise. The sensitivity and specificity for these thresholds were identical at 89% and 100%. These data are similar to previous investigations in healthy volunteers monitored by the wearable ultrasound.

Keywords: Carotid Doppler; Corrected flow time; Stroke volume; Velocity time integral.

MeSH terms

Blood Flow Velocity
Carotid Arteries* / diagnostic imaging
Carotid Artery, Common
Hemorrhage
Humans
Stroke Volume
Ultrasonography, Doppler
Wearable Electronic Devices*

Grants and funding

W81XWH1910591/Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs