Triticeae genome sequences reveal huge expansions of gene families implicated in fertility restoration

Abstract

Breakthroughs in assembly of whole-genome sequencing and targeted sequence capture data have accelerated comparative genomics analyses in cereals with big and complex genomes such as wheat. This newly acquired information has revealed unexpected expansions in two large gene families linked to restoration of fertility in species that exhibit cytoplasmic male sterility. Extreme levels of copy-number and structural variation detected within and between species illustrate the genetic diversity among the family members and reveal the evolutionary mechanisms at work. This new knowledge will greatly facilitate the development of hybrid production strategies in wheat and related species.

Keywords: CMS; Cytoplasmic male sterility; Hybrid breeding; Mitochondrial transcription termination factors; Mitochondrial-nuclear genome interactions; PPR; Pentatricopeptide repeat proteins; RFL; Restorer-of-fertility-like genes; Trticeae genomes; mTERF.