Background: Antineoplastic treatments produce adverse events (AE) such as gastrointestinal toxicity. These AE can reduce nutritional intake and promote weight and muscle mass loss. Objective: To determine if body composition, nutritional status, or muscle function predicts gastrointestinal toxicity during chemotherapy in cervical cancer (CC) patients. Methods: Women with CC were studied. Nutritional status was evaluated according to PG-SGA, and body composition was measured with bioimpedance. Toxicity was graded according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Results: A total of 207 women, 81 with toxicity and 126 without toxicity groups, were studied. Patients in the toxicity group had less handgrip strength (17.7 ± 5.0 vs. 20.3 ± 5.0 p = 0.0004); phase angle (5.2 ± 1.1 vs. 5.9 ± 1.0, p = 0.0065); higher prevalence of sarcopenia (35.9% vs. 20.6%, p = 0.016); overhydration (25.9% vs. 6.3% p < 0.001); and PG-SGA C (14.1% vs. 4.0%, p < 0.001) when compared to patients without toxicity. Handgrip strength (HR: 0.93, 95% CI 0.88-0.98, p = 0.028), overhydration (HR: 2.82, 95% CI 1.22-6.51, p = 0.015) and been severely malnourished according to PG-PGA (HR: 3.6, 95%CI 1.46-9.2, p < 0.001) were associated with the risk to present gastrointestinal toxicity. Conclusion: handgrip strength, overhydration, and severe malnutrition are independent risk factors to the presence of gastrointestinal toxicity in CC patients.