Femoroacetabular impingement in the unpinned contralateral hip in patients with primary unilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis: preliminary radiographic outcomes

Abstract

The study evaluated femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in the unpinned contralateral hip in patients with unilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) and verified initial age, posterior sloping angle (PSA) and center-edge angle (CEA) as predictors of FAI in the contralateral hip. 152 patients with unilateral SCFE with a mean index age of 13.2 years (8.2-17.2 years) were enrolled retrospectively into the study. Mean follow-up was 8 years (3-14 years). PSA and CEA were measured on initial radiographs of the unaffected hip. Alpha-angle and CEA were measured on radiographs taken at the last follow-up to identify FAI. Four groups of patients were distinguished: (1) no FAI (10 patients, 17.54%); (2) CAM-type FAI (41 patients, 71.9%); (3) pincer-type FAI (3 patients, 5.26%) and (4) mixed-type FAI (13 patients, 22.8%). The mean PSA was 12.1°, 12°, 16.8°, 11.9° for groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively, with no significant difference ( P = 0.65). The mean initial CEA for groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 34.4°, 35.5°, 42° and 42° respectively, with significant differences between groups 1 versus 4 ( P = 0.034) and 2 versus 4 ( P = 0.009). Conclusions are as follows: 1. Radiographic features of FAI were present in 85.1% of unpinned contralateral hips in patients with unilateral SCFE. 2. 71.9% of unpinned contralateral hips developed CAM deformity. 3. CEA can be used in predicting pincer-type FAI in the contralateral hip in unilateral SCFE. 4. PSA and age revealed negligible value in predicting FAI.