We investigated 180 consecutive patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), of whom 83 had type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and 97 did not have diabetes as well as 223 controls without CHF, of whom 39 had T2DM and 184 did not have diabetes. Data was recorded by standardized interviews and by standardized examination protocols at our institution and were extracted from medical records. Here, we analyzed data on gender differences. Further, we examined the effect of CHF and T2DM on moderate albuminuria, i.e. on an albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) of 30-300 mg/g. Table 1 shows baseline characteristics of our patients stratified by gender. Table 2 gives ACRs and prevalence rates of albuminuria separately for men and women. In logistic regression analyses adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, LDL cholesterol, history of smoking, history of hypertension, use of statins, ACE inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers, aldosterone antagonists and other antihypertensive medication CHF and T2DM predicted the prevalence of albuminuria in a mutually independent manner in men (OR 4.93 [95% CI 1.76-13.85]; p = 0.002 and OR 2.38 [1.11-5.11]; p = 0.027, respectively), as well as in women (OR 5.66 [95% CI 1.76-18.20]; p = 0.004 and OR 3.53 [1.38-9.08]; p = 0.009, respectively). There was no significant interaction between gender and CHF or T2DM regarding the presence of albuminuria (p = 0.933 and 0.533, respectively), indicating that the association of CHF and T2DM with albuminuria did not differ significantly between men and women. In multivariate analysis of covariance, CHF and T2DM proved to be independent predictors of ACR in women after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, LDL cholesterol, history of smoking, history of hypertension, use of statins, ACE inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers, aldosterone antagonists and other antihypertensive medication (F = 5.38; p = 0.022 and F = 4.95; p = 0.028, respectively); for men the corresponding F-values were 2.70; p = 0.102 and 3.12; p = 0.079, respectively. There was no significant interaction between gender and CHF or T2DM regarding ACR (p = 0.464 and 0.202, respectively), indicating that the association of CHF and T2DM with the ACR did not differ significantly between men and women. Regarding moderate albuminuria, both CHF and T2DM predicted moderate albuminuria adjusted in a mutually independent manner after the adjustments described above, with ORs of 4.75 [95% CI 2.16-10.45]; p< 0.001 and OR 2.08 [1.13-3.83]; p=0.018, respectively. The data set presented here could be reused with similar patient cohorts for pooled analysis.
Keywords: Albumin–creatinine ratio; Diabetes mellitus; Gender differences; Heart failure; Moderate albuminuria.
© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.