Background: High platelet reactivity (HPR) on clopidogrel and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are recognized as potent risk factors for adverse outcomes in patients suffering coronary artery disease (CAD) and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, conclusive evidence regarding their reciprocal interaction and the consequent impact on clinical events is still lacking.
Objectives: We performed a metaanalysis with the aim to evaluate the prevalence of HPR in patients with and without CKD and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) according to the renal and platelet function status in current literature (co-primary endpoints). Secondary endpoints were myocardial infarction (MI), all-cause death, and definite/probable stent thrombosis (ST).
Methods: We searched on PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library studies investigating CKD and HPR on clopidogrel in patients suffering CAD who underwent PCI and their related outcomes. Overall, 13 studies including 22.464 patients were selected. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model with the Mantel-Haenszel method.
Results: Patients with CKD presented significantly higher odds of HPR compared with those without CKD (OR 1.51 [95% CI: 1.29, 1.76]). In patients without CKD, HPR was associated with increased odds of MACE (OR 1.31 [95% CI: 1.01, 1.72]), MI (OR 1.48 [95% CI: 1.17, 1.86]) and definite/probable ST (OR 2.45 [95% CI: 1.08, 5.60]). In patients with CKD, HPR was associated with higher odds of both MACE (OR 1.61 [95% CI: 1.14, 2.27]) and MI (OR 1.69 [95% CI: 1.11, 2.59]), compared to those without HPR.
Conclusions: Our analysis shows that HPR on clopidogrel is more frequent in patients with CKD treated with PCI. Patients with HPR are exposed to a high risk of MACE after PCI, regardless of the renal function status.
Keywords: chronic kidney disease; clopidogrel; coronary artery disease; high platelet reactivity.
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