Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Healthcare Providers: A Comparison of a Psychiatric Hospital and a General Hospital

Daniel Anzola; Jacqueline Limoges; Jesse McLean; Nathan J Kolla

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.720693

Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Healthcare Providers: A Comparison of a Psychiatric Hospital and a General Hospital

Front Psychiatry. 2022 Jan 14:12:720693. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.720693. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Daniel Anzola¹, Jacqueline Limoges^{2

3}, Jesse McLean⁴, Nathan J Kolla^{5

6

7

8}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Research and Innovation, Georgian College, Barrie, ON, Canada.
² Department of Health Wellness and Sciences, Georgian College, Barrie, ON, Canada.
³ Faculty of Health Disciplines, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB, Canada.
⁴ Centre for Education and Research, Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Barrie, ON, Canada.
⁵ Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada.
⁶ Waypoint/University of Toronto Research Chair in Forensic Mental Health Science, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada.
⁷ Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
⁸ Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Abstract

Background: Before the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare providers (HCPs) were already experiencing a higher prevalence of mental health disorders compared with non-healthcare professionals. Here, we report on the psychosocial functioning and stress resilience of HCPs who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic in a large-sized psychiatric facility and a large acute care hospital, both located in central Ontario, Canada.

Methods: Participants completed five validated psychometric instruments assessing depression, anxiety, and stress (The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21, DASS-21); work-related quality of life (Work-Related Quality of Life Scale, WRQoL); resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, CD-RISC); anxiety about the novel coronavirus (Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, CAS); and loneliness (UCLA Loneliness Scale, ULS). Participants from the psychiatric hospital (n = 94) were sampled during the easing of restrictions after the first wave in Ontario, and participants from the acute care hospital (n = 146) were sampled during the height of the second wave in Ontario.

Results: Data showed that HCPs from the acute care hospital and psychiatric hospital reported similar scores on the psychometric scales. There were also no significant differences in psychometric scale scores between medical disciplines at the acute care hospital. Among all HCPs, being a nurse predicted better quality of life (p = 0.01) and greater stress resilience (p = 0.031).

Conclusion: These results suggest that HCPs' psychological symptoms are similar across the hospital settings sampled. Compared to other HCPs, nurses may show a unique resiliency to the pandemic. We suggest that emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic have a pervasive effect on HCPs. It is important to address HCPs' mental health needs in terms of crisis management and improve resilience among all HCPs during the inter-crisis period before a new challenge arrives.

Keywords: COVID-19; anxiety; healthcare provider; pandemic; psychological distress.