1 Dept. of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: alfredm@musc.edu.
2 College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
3 Dept. of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
4 Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University, Freeman Hall, Clemson, SC, USA.
5 College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.