Sleep Duration/Quality With Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Prospective Studies

Chang Gao; Jiao Guo; Ting-Ting Gong; Jia-Le Lv; Xin-Yu Li; Fang-Hua Liu; Meng Zhang; Yi-Tong Shan; Yu-Hong Zhao; Qi-Jun Wu

doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.813943

Sleep Duration/Quality With Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Prospective Studies

Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Jan 20:8:813943. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.813943. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Chang Gao^{1

2}, Jiao Guo³, Ting-Ting Gong⁴, Jia-Le Lv^{1

2}, Xin-Yu Li^{1

2}, Fang-Hua Liu^{1

2}, Meng Zhang^{1

2}, Yi-Tong Shan⁵, Yu-Hong Zhao^{1

2}, Qi-Jun Wu^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
² Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
³ Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
⁴ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
⁵ Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.

Abstract

Background: To quantitatively evaluate the evidence of duration and quality of sleep as measured by multiple health outcomes.

Methods: This review is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42021235587. We systematically searched three databases from inception until November 15, 2020. For each meta-analysis, the summary effect size using fixed and random effects models, the 95% confidence interval, and the 95% prediction interval were assessed; heterogeneity, evidence of small-study effects, and excess significance bias were also estimated. According to the above metrics, we evaluated the credibility of each association.

Results: A total of 85 meta-analyses with 36 health outcomes were included in the study. We observed highly suggestive evidence for an association between long sleep and an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Moreover, suggestive evidence supported the associations between long sleep and 5 increased risk of health outcomes (stroke, dyslipidaemia, mortality of coronary heart disease, stroke mortality, and the development or death of stroke); short sleep and increased risk of overweight and/or obesity; poor sleep quality and increased risk of diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions: Only the evidence of the association of long sleep with an increased risk of all-cause mortality was graded as highly suggestive. Additional studies are needed to be conducted.Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42021235587.

Keywords: health outcomes; meta-analysis; sleep duration; sleep quality; umbrella review.

Publication types

Systematic Review