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. 2022 Jan 30;11(2):190.
doi: 10.3390/pathogens11020190.

Dynamic Transcriptome Profiling of Mungbean Genotypes Unveil the Genes Respond to the Infection of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus

Manickam Sudha  1 , Adhimoolam Karthikeyan  2 , Balasubramaniam Madhumitha  3 , Rajagopalan Veera Ranjani  1 , Mayalagu Kanimoli Mathivathana  4 , Manickam Dhasarathan  5 , Jayakodi Murukarthick  6 , Madiha Natchi Samu Shihabdeen  1 , Karuppiah Eraivan Arutkani Aiyanathan  7 , Muthaiyan Pandiyan  8 , Natesan Senthil  9 , Muthurajan Raveendran  1
Affiliations

Dynamic Transcriptome Profiling of Mungbean Genotypes Unveil the Genes Respond to the Infection of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus

Manickam Sudha et al. Pathogens. .

Abstract

Yellow mosaic disease (YMD), incited by mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV), is a primary viral disease that reduces mungbean production in South Asia, especially in India. There is no detailed knowledge regarding the genes and molecular mechanisms conferring resistance of mungbean to MYMV. Therefore, disclosing the genetic and molecular bases related to MYMV resistance helps to develop the mungbean genotypes with MYMV resistance. In this study, transcriptomes of mungbean genotypes, VGGRU-1 (resistant) and VRM (Gg) 1 (susceptible) infected with MYMV were compared to those of uninfected controls. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the resistant and susceptible genotypes was 896 and 506, respectively. Among them, 275 DEGs were common between the resistant and susceptible genotypes. Functional annotation of DEGs revealed that the DEGs belonged to the following categories defense and pathogenesis, receptor-like kinases; serine/threonine protein kinases, hormone signaling, transcription factors, and chaperons, and secondary metabolites. Further, we have confirmed the expression pattern of several DEGs by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. Collectively, the information obtained in this study unveils the new insights into characterizing the MYMV resistance and paved the way for breeding MYMV resistant mungbean in the future.

Keywords: RNA seq; mungbean; whitefly; yellow mosaic disease.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. The funder had no role in the work design, data collection, and analysis, or decision and preparation of the manuscript.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Development of symptoms of MYMV in the agroinoculated plants (A) VGGRU-1 and (B) VRM (Gg) 1.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified through RNA-Seq analysis in resistant (VGGRU_1) and susceptible (VRM (Gg) 1) genotypes upon MYMV infection. (A) The total number of up- and down-regulated DEGs identified in resistant and susceptible genotypes. (B) A Venn diagram depicting the number of DEGs expressed in resistant and susceptible genotypes after MYMV infection.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Functional categories of differentially expressed genes in the resistant (VGGRU-1) and susceptible (VRM (Gg) 1) genotypes. The percentage of DEGs is grouped into one of three main gene ontology (GO) categories viz., biological process, cellular component, and molecular function.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Heat map of several DEGs groups (A,B) defense and pathogenesis, (C) receptor-like kinases; serine/threonine protein kinases (STKs), (D) hormone signaling, (E) transcription factors, and chaperons, and (F) secondary metabolites.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Graphs denote qRT-PCR-based validation of DEGs of mungbean leaves infected with mungbean yellow mosaic virus. The y-axis denotes relative fold change compared to control and infected. Data represent means ± SD of three replicates.
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