Anatomical variations of the branches from left colic artery and middle colic artery at splenic flexure

Abstract

Background: Variations of the vasculature at splenic flexure by left colic artery (LCA) and middle colic artery (MCA) remain ambiguous.

Objectives: This study aim to investigate the anatomical variations of the branches from LCA and MCA at splenic flexure area.

Methods: Using ultra-thin CT images (0.5-mm thickness), we traced LCA and MCA till their merging site with paracolic marginal arteries through maximum intensity projection (MIP) reconstruction and computed tomography angiography (3D-CTA).

Results: A total of 229 cases were retrospectively enrolled. LCA ascending branch approached upwards till the distal third of the transverse colon in 37.6%, reached the splenic flexure in 37.6%, and reached the lower descending colon in 23.1%, and absent in 1.7% of the cases. Areas supplied by MCA left branch and aMCA were 33.2%, 44.5% and 22.3% in the proximal, middle and distal third of transverse colon of the cases, respectively. The accessory MCA separately originated from the superior mesenteric artery was found in 17.9% of the cases. Mutual correlation was found that, when the LCA ascending branch supplied the distal transverse colon, MCA left branch tended to feed the proximal transverse colon; when the LCA ascending branch supplied the lower part of descending colon, MCA left branch was more likely to feed the distal third of transverse colon.

Conclusions: Vasculature at splenic flexure by LCA and MCA varied at specific pattern. This study could add more anatomical details for vessel management in surgeries for left-sided colon cancer.

Keywords: Left colic artery; Middle colic artery; Rectal cancer surgery; Splenic flexure.