Incidence of Medical Adhesive-Related Skin Injuries and Associated Factors After Pediatric Congenital Heart Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study

J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2022 Mar-Apr;49(2):137-142. doi: 10.1097/WON.0000000000000855.

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the incidence, characteristics, and factors associated with medical adhesive-related skin injuries (MARSI).

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Subjects and settings: The sample comprised 136 children in the postoperative period after congenital heart surgery. The study setting was in a 31-bed pediatric surgical intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Methods: Patients were followed from admission, with daily skin assessments, until the onset of MARSI or ICU discharge. Outcomes were compared by Fisher's exact test, Pearson's χ2 test, Mann-Whitney test, Brunner-Munzel test, and Welch 2-sample t test.

Results: The incidence of MARSI was 60.3%, with 85 injuries in 82 patients. The highest occurrence was on postoperative day 2 (27 wounds; 31.8%). The most frequent medical adhesive associated with MARSI was transparent film dressing (n = 74; 86.6%). Factors associated with MARSI were age (P = .000), number of devices inserted (P = .000), Braden Q Scale score (P = .005), duration of surgery (P = .021), cardiopulmonary bypass duration (P = .000), duration of mechanical ventilation (P = .000), and length of ICU stay (P = .000). Children who developed MARSI received more blood components (P = .039), vasopressors (P = .000), and corticosteroids (P = 0.000); required longer sedation (P = .000); and had more edema (P = .001).

Conclusion: This high incidence indicates the need for greater awareness and prompt action in response to MARSI. Polyurethane transparent film without concurrent use of a skin barrier product should be avoided.

MeSH terms

  • Adhesives*
  • Brazil / epidemiology
  • Child
  • Heart Defects, Congenital* / epidemiology
  • Heart Defects, Congenital* / surgery
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Intensive Care Units
  • Intensive Care Units, Pediatric
  • Prospective Studies
  • Skin / injuries

Substances

  • Adhesives