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Comparative Study
. 2022 Mar;37(2):455-459.
doi: 10.3904/kjim.2021.409. Epub 2022 Feb 28.

Comparison of antibody responses after the 1st and 2nd doses of COVID-19 vaccine with those of patients with mild or severe COVID-19

Hye Hee Cha  1 , So Yun Lim  2 , Ji-Soo Kwon  2 , Ji Yeun Kim  2 , Seongman Bae  2 , Jiwon Jung  2 , Sung-Han Kim  2
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Comparison of antibody responses after the 1st and 2nd doses of COVID-19 vaccine with those of patients with mild or severe COVID-19

Hye Hee Cha et al. Korean J Intern Med. 2022 Mar.

Abstract

Background/aims: Data comparing the antibody responses of different coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine platforms according to dose with natural severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection-induced antibody responses are limited.

Methods: Blood samples from adult patients with mild and severe COVID-19 and healthcare workers who received ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (2nd dose at 12-week intervals) and BNT162b2 vaccine (2nd dose at 3-week intervals) were collected and compared by immunoglobulin G immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 specific spike protein using an in-house-developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results: A total of 53 patients, including 12 and 41 with mild and severe COVID-19, respectively, were analyzed. In addition, a total of 73 healthcare workers, including 37 who received ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and 36 who received BNT162b2, were enrolled. Antibody responses after the first and second doses of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or the first dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine were similar to those in convalescent patients with mild COVID-19, but lower than those in convalescent patients with severe COVID-19, respectively. However, after the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine, the antibody response was comparable to that in convalescent patients with severe COVID-19.

Conclusion: Our data suggest that the second dose of mRNA vaccination may be more beneficial in terms of long-term immunity and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 variant infection than a single dose of COVID-19 vaccination or homologous second challenge ChAdOx1 nCoV-19.

Keywords: Antibody formation; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccines.

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Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Antibody responses after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection compared with COVID-19 vaccination. (A) Mild and severe COVID-19 infection. (B) First and second doses of ChAdOx1 or BNT161b2 vaccine. (C) COVID-19 natural infection and vaccination. SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2; IgG, immunoglobulin G; OD, optical density. ap < 0.001.
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