This paper provides an assessment of hormetic dose responses by stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAPs) from humans. Hormetic dose responses were induced in vitro by a broad range of agents, including dietary supplements (e.g., berberine, EGCG, resveratrol), pharmaceutical/commercial substances (e.g. fluoride, platelet rich plasma, lithium), and endogenous agents (e.g., insulin growth factor-2, transforming growth factor β, lipopolysaccharide). This paper clarifies underlying mechanistic foundations of the SCAP- hormetic dose responses, the need for in vivo evaluation studies, and potential therapeutic implications of the present findings. Of particular significance is that approximately 90% of examples of hormetic effects reported with SCAPs occurred during the past two years, suggesting strong recent interest in their potential therapeutic applications.
Keywords: Apical papilla; Biphasic dose response; Cell proliferation; Hormesis; Regenerative medicine; Stem cell.
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