Three patterns of sensitization to mugwort, timothy, birch and their major allergen components revealed by Latent class analysis

Liting Wu; Xiangqing Hou; Wenting Luo; Haisheng Hu; Xianhui Zheng; Yuemin Chen; Zhangkai J Cheng; Chen Huang; Baoqing Sun

doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2022.03.009

Three patterns of sensitization to mugwort, timothy, birch and their major allergen components revealed by Latent class analysis

Mol Immunol. 2022 May:145:59-66. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.03.009. Epub 2022 Mar 14.

Authors

Liting Wu¹, Xiangqing Hou², Wenting Luo¹, Haisheng Hu¹, Xianhui Zheng¹, Yuemin Chen¹, Zhangkai J Cheng¹, Chen Huang³, Baoqing Sun⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China.
² Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau.
³ Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, Stat Key laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute For Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macau. Electronic address: chuang@must.edu.mo.
⁴ Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China. Electronic address: sunbaoqing@vip.163.com.

PMID: 35298938
DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.03.009

Abstract

Background: Mugwort, timothy, and birch are commonly spread pollen allergens across China. Although several studies have described the rates of sensitization to mugwort, timothy, and birch in China, most of them just on specific whole-allergen extracts but little was known about the co-sensitization characteristics of its allergen components. This study aimed to explore the patterns of sensitization to mugwort, timothy, birch, and their major allergen components.

Method: Serum specific IgE (sIgE) levels of allergen components of mugwort, timothy, birch, and cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) were detected in 160 patients whose serum showed positive results to at least one of mugwort, timothy, and birch allergens via EUROBlotMaster system. Skin prick testing was utilized to assess the allergic reaction of grass, weed, and tree allergens. Latent class analysis was used to identify underlying patterns of sensitization to a series of allergen components and their corresponding extracts.

Results: 88.8% of patients with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma were positive for mugwort-sIgE, 30% for timothy-sIgE, and 32.5% for birch-sIgE. By using the LCA model, three sensitization patterns as "Mugwort, Art v 4, Bet v 2 and Phl p 12 co-sensitized", "Timothy, mugwort, and CCD co-sensitized", "Mugwort and Art v 1 co-sensitized" were revealed based on optimal statistical fit in this study. Compared with other clusters, participants in "Mugwort, Art v 4, Bet v 2 and Phl p 12 co-sensitized" pattern were associated with higher sensitization rates of common grass and tree pollens allergen. The spearman's coefficient between CCD and timothy was larger than the corresponding values of CCD with mugwort or birch.

Conclusion: CCD and profilin, as minor allergens in pollens, were associated with other pollen sIgE false positives presumably due to cross-reactivity. Patients sensitized with profilin had a significantly higher risk of sensitization to other pollens.

Keywords: Birch; Latent class analysis; Mugwort; SIgE; Timothy.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Allergens
Artemisia*
Betula*
Cross Reactions
Humans
Latent Class Analysis
Phleum
Plant Extracts
Poaceae
Profilins

Substances

Allergens
Plant Extracts
Profilins