Reducing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among African Americans: the effects of narratives, character's self-persuasion, and trust in science

Abstract

This research examines the efficacy of self-persuasion narratives (i.e., narratives that describe how a character has changed their mind about the COVID-19 vaccines) in encouraging vaccine uptake among unvaccinated African Americans. A five-condition experiment (N = 394) was conducted in June 2021. Participants viewed one of the three pro-vaccine messages (a self-persuasion narrative, a narrative without self-persuasion, or a non-narrative message) or an irrelevant message or completed a self-persuasion task. Findings supported the persuasive benefits of the self-persuasion narrative compared to the narrative without self-persuasion, actual self-persuasion, and the irrelevant message. Its advantage over the narrative without self-persuasion was mediated by increased self-referencing, affective empathy, and perceived similarity with the character. Moreover, its psychological effects were moderated by participants' trust in science. Unexpectedly, the non-narrative showed persuasive benefits compared to other intervention strategies. The theoretical implications for narrative persuasion and practical implications for vaccine promotion were discussed.

Keywords: COVID-19 vaccination; Narrative persuasion; Self-persuasion; Trust in science; Vaccine hesitancy.