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. 2022 Mar 19;22(1):78.
doi: 10.1186/s12906-022-03551-y.

Antimicrobial activity of Bacillus sp. isolated strains of wild honey

Somayeh Hallaj-Nezhadi  1   2 , Rasoul Hamdipour  3 , Mohamad Shahrvirani  3 , Roya Zare Tin  3 , Florence Chapeland-Leclerc  4 , Gwenael Ruprich-Robert  4 , Solmaz Esnaashari  5 , Babak Elyasi Far  6 , Azita Dilmaghani  7   8
Affiliations

Antimicrobial activity of Bacillus sp. isolated strains of wild honey

Somayeh Hallaj-Nezhadi et al. BMC Complement Med Ther. .

Abstract

Background: Multi-drug resistant bacteria hazards to the health of humans could be an agent in the destruction of human generation. Natural products of Bacillus species are the main source to access progressive antibiotics that can be a good candidate for the discovery of novel antibiotics. Wild honey as a valuable food has been used in medicine with antimicrobial effects.

Objective: Bacillus strains isolated from wild honey were evaluated for the potential antimicrobial activity against human and plant bacterial and fungal pathogens.

Methods: Three bacterial isolates were identified as strain Khuz-1 (98.27% similarity with Bacillus safensis subsp. Safensis strain FO-36bT), strain Khuz-2 (99.18% similarity with Bacillus rugosus strain SPB7T), and strain Khuz-3 (99.78% similarity with Bacillus velezensis strain CR-502 T) by 16S rRNA gene sequences. The strains were characterized by their ability to inhibit the growth of human and phytopathogenic fungi.

Results: The results indicated that B. rugosus strain Khuz-2 inhibited the growth of phytopathogenic and human fungal more effective than other ones. It seems that the strain Khuz-2 has a suitable antimicrobial and antifungal potential as a good candidate for further pharmaceutical research.

Conclusion: Based on the results of GC-MS, Pyrrolo [1,2-a] pyrazine-1,4-dion, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyle) (PPDHM) was the major compound for all strains which have a various pharmacological effect. Isolation and identification of beneficial bacteria from natural sources can play an important role in future pharmaceutical and industrial applications.

Keywords: Antimicrobial activity; Bacillus sp.; GC–MS; Human pathogens; Phytopathogenic pathogenes.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are neither ethical nor financial conflicts of interest involved in the manuscript. The manuscript contains only original unpublished data and is not submitted for publication elsewhere.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The gel electrophoresis of 16S rRNA gene sequences of isolated strains. The length of fragments were approximately ≈ 1500 bp
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree [26] derived from 16S rRNA gene sequence data [14] showing the positions of seven isolated bacteria including strains Khuz-1, Khuz-2 and Khuz-3 among related bacteria. Numbers at branch points are bootstrap percentages based on 500 replicates. Bar, 0.02 changes per nucleotide position [19]
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
A schematic flow chart of all the procedures
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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