Association of androgenetic alopecia with a more severe form of COVID-19 infection

Dunja Veskovic; Tatjana Ros; Tijana Icin; Kristina Stepanovic; Nebojsa Janjic; Dusan Kuljancic; Sonja Sedlarevic; Dmitar Vlahovic

doi:10.1007/s11845-022-02981-4

Association of androgenetic alopecia with a more severe form of COVID-19 infection

Ir J Med Sci. 2023 Feb;192(1):187-192. doi: 10.1007/s11845-022-02981-4. Epub 2022 Mar 23.

Authors

Dunja Veskovic^{1

2}, Tatjana Ros^{3

4}, Tijana Icin^{3

5}, Kristina Stepanovic^{3

5}, Nebojsa Janjic^{3

6}, Dusan Kuljancic^{3

7}, Sonja Sedlarevic^{3

5}, Dmitar Vlahovic^{3

8}

Affiliations

¹ Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia. dunja.veskovic@mf.uns.ac.rs.
² Clinic for Dermatology, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia. dunja.veskovic@mf.uns.ac.rs.
³ Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
⁴ Clinic for Dermatology, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia.
⁵ Clinic for Endocrinology, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia.
⁶ Clinic for Gastroenterology, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia.
⁷ Clinic for Psychiatry, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia.
⁸ Clinic for Neurology, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia.

Abstract

Background: Individual susceptibility to develop acute respiratory distress syndrome is related to age and most frequent comorbidities. So far, it is known that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily infects the type II pneumocytes in humans, with the help of transmembrane serine protease type 2 (TMPRSS2). Up to now, the only known transcriptional promoters of genes coding TMPRSS2 are androgenic. Theoretically, the elevated level of androgens or androgen receptors would lead to a higher expression of TMPRSS2 and a higher level of viremia as a consequence.

Aim: The aim of our research was to indirectly investigate if the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection is dependent on the expression of androgen receptors.

Methods: This observational study analysed male patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection with respect to the length of hospitalisation, the outcome of the disease, the type of necessary oxygen support and the presence of comorbidities and hairiness. In hairiness estimation, we used an adapted version of the Hamilton-Norwood scale and the presence of the Gabrin sign.

Results: In total, 208 patients were enrolled in the study. There were statistically significant differences comparing the average age of patients with the different types of alopecia when groups were divided according to the presence of the Gabrin sign (t = 4.958, p > 0.01). The outcomes and the type of needed minimal oxygen support, compared with the type of alopecia in the case of Gabrin + / - classification showed a statistically significant difference in the outcome of the disease (p = 0.027). There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of comorbidities among alopecia groups, but hypertension was related to poor COVID-19 prognosis.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the Gabrin sign and hypertension are related to a poor COVID-19 prognosis.

Keywords: Androgen receptors; Androgenetic alopecia; Gabrin sign; SARS-CoV-2; Transmembrane serine protease 2.

Publication types

Observational Study

MeSH terms

Alopecia / metabolism
Androgens
COVID-19*
Humans
Hypertension*
Male
Receptors, Androgen / genetics
Receptors, Androgen / metabolism
SARS-CoV-2

Substances

Receptors, Androgen
Androgens