1 Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton ON, Canada; Department of Perioperative Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton ON, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton ON, Canada.
2 Department of Perioperative Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton ON, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton ON, Canada.
3 Division of Nephrology, London Health Sciences Centre, London ON, Canada.
4 Division of Nephrology, London Health Sciences Centre, London ON, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London ON, Canada.
5 Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton ON, Canada.
6 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
7 Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton ON, Canada; Department of Perioperative Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton ON, Canada.
8 Clinical Research, Narayana Hrudayalaya Limited, Bangalore, India.
9 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
10 Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton ON, Canada.
11 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
12 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sancheti Institute for Orthopaedics &Rehabilitation, Pune, India.
13 Department of Surgery, Western University, London ON, Canada.
14 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain.
15 Department of Surgery and Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
17 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan.
18 Department of Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston ON, Canada.
19 Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON, Canada.
20 Department of Surgery, Markham Stouffville Hospital, Markham ON, Canada.
21 Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa.
22 Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
23 Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
24 Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
25 Department of Perioperative Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton ON, Canada.
26 Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
27 Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton ON, Canada; Division of Nephrology, London Health Sciences Centre, London ON, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London ON, Canada. Electronic address: amit.garg@lhsc.on.ca.