Clinical, Pathologic, and Molecular-Genetic Aspects of Colorectal Polyps

Quinn Miller; Omer Saeed; Hector Mesa

doi:10.1016/j.giec.2021.12.007

Clinical, Pathologic, and Molecular-Genetic Aspects of Colorectal Polyps

Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2022 Apr;32(2):313-328. doi: 10.1016/j.giec.2021.12.007.

Authors

Quinn Miller¹, Omer Saeed¹, Hector Mesa²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, IU Health Pathology Laboratory, 350 West 11th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
² Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, IU Health Pathology Laboratory, 350 West 11th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. Electronic address: hmesa@iu.edu.

PMID: 35361338
DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2021.12.007

Abstract

Most colorectal cancer arises from epithelial polyps. Polyps can be the result of acquired, germline, or inflammation-associated mutations in colonic stem cells (CSC). Their incidence and risk of progression are determined by factors that modify the baseline rate of spontaneous mutations occurring in CSC. In sporadic polyps, factors are primarily environmental; in individuals with germline mutations, it is the specific mutation, and in inflammation-associated polyps, it correlates with the extent, duration, and severity of the process. The different clinicopathologic and molecular genetic abnormalities underlying the different types of polyps are discussed.

Keywords: Colonic polyps; Colorectal neoplasms; Molecular genetics; Pathology; Review; Surgical.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli*
Colonic Polyps* / genetics
Colorectal Neoplasms* / genetics
Germ-Line Mutation
Humans