Concurrent Lymphoma and COVID-19: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges of High-Grade Lymphoma and COVID-19

Jasmin Hundal; Alexander R Vartanov; Kang Huh; Enrique Ballesteros; Victoria Forbes

doi:10.7759/cureus.22635

Concurrent Lymphoma and COVID-19: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges of High-Grade Lymphoma and COVID-19

Cureus. 2022 Feb 26;14(2):e22635. doi: 10.7759/cureus.22635. eCollection 2022 Feb.

Authors

Jasmin Hundal¹, Alexander R Vartanov¹, Kang Huh², Enrique Ballesteros³, Victoria Forbes⁴

Affiliations

¹ Internal Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, USA.
² Internal Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, USA.
³ Pathology, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, USA.
⁴ Hematology-Oncology, University of Connecticut, Farmington, USA.

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic has put an unprecedented strain on cancer care. The initial months were marred by fears of immunocompromised patients becoming opportunistic hosts to this deadly virus. We present a case of newly diagnosed high-grade B-cell lymphoma in a patient with COVID-19 and discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges posed. A 76-year-old female presented with one month of progressive malaise, poor appetite, weight loss, and night sweats. A surveillance COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) resulted positive. With strict isolation precautions, the daily focused physical examination masked several key findings including multifocal adenopathy. She developed hypoxic respiratory failure and progressive transaminitis and cytopenias. Image-guided, rather than excisional, biopsy revealed high-grade B-cell lymphoma. Superimposed COVID-19 infection presented multiple challenges, but she completed treatment and achieved remission. Suspicion for underlying malignancy was high. Institutional concerns included obtaining imaging studies and the gold standard excisional tissue biopsy while maintaining acceptable staff exposure. Fortunately, a lymph node core biopsy confirmed the histopathological diagnosis of high-grade B-cell lymphoma. The administration of chemoimmunotherapy (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, dose-reduced vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP)) posed inherent risks, notably, worsening cytopenias and hepatotoxicity. The approach to treatment was further complicated as the interaction of high-grade lymphoma and COVID-19 remained unclear. Medical teams have faced delays executing formerly routine diagnostic studies and formulating timely and appropriate treatment strategies. Careful consideration of risks and benefits must be weighed. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial to successfully treat patients. The relationship between COVID-19 and cancer treatment is yet to be established, and large sample-size studies are required.

Keywords: cancer care; chemoimmunotherapy; covid-19; high-grade b-cell lymphoma; lymphoma.

Publication types

Case Reports